More old Roman stuff

I've talked about the Romans a decent amount as I've been learning new things about where I'm living this year, but that's because they had such an amazing effect on it. I'm writing about more Roman stuff because Saturday I visited the local "Oppidum," and today I went and took a tour of Les Arènes, the amphitheater of Nîmes. So I'll try to throw in a little history about what I saw...

Rome was a Republic under Julius Caesar, which meant that it would only expand territory for reasons of defense. This all changed after Julius Caesar was killed, Caesar Augustus took his place, and Rome was invaded by Hannibal's Carthaginian armies with their terrifying elephants! As Hannibal had crossed the Pyrenées and the Alps to get into Rome, Augustus decided it would be a good idea to conquer the Gaul territory, thereby closing the dangerous route into the Empire (which Rome became under Augustus). He also decided to conquer Egypt, which he did with two of his royal legions. These legions were to inhabit Nîmes after their military service was over, and were given land in the surrounding area to cultivate. The legions' experience in conquering the Nile region is the reason for Nîmes's symbol of a crocodile chained to a palm tree.

Anyways now I'll finally get to the infrastructure of Nîmes. As Augustus didn't want a bunch of violent old soldiers hanging out in Rome all the time, he gave each of his legions a city in the Empire. However, these legions would note really like to live in their new cities without the infrastructure (baths, theaters, arena, etc.) that a life in Rome offered. So Augustus made sure all of his cities were equipped with things that could keep the soldiers entertained. An interesting fact I recently learned is that Nîmes had a sufficient amount of drinking water before Augustus constructed the Pont du Gard. (I know what you're probably thinking, as well - how could Augustus have conquered France, the Nile, and build the Pont du Gard in the same lifetime? I don't know, but he was a busy guy!) He build the Pont du Gard to supply Nîmes with enough water for the Roman baths that were in the ancient Jardin de la Fontaine and surrounding the Maison Carrée.

Finally for a little something about the amphitheater. The word amphitheater comes from Latin, and means a theater that is built up on both sides instead of the traditional Greek theater, which was only built on one side, usually sitting on a hill. People also call amphitheaters "arenas," which apparently comes from Egyptian or something and referred to the sand that coated the bottom of the ring and soaked up the blood of animals and gladiators. So the amphitheater in Nîmes was built in the somewhere around the year 0. (I believe, and I also believe I'm beginning to use too many parentheses) and of course wasn't initially used for the modern-day ferias. Instead there were many more wild spectacles, including fights between two gladiators, two beasts, one man and a beast such as a lion, a bear, or a bull, and even mock sea battles where the ring would be filled with water and men in small versions of Egyptian boats would fight each other. Oh, and I forgot the public executions, which usually involved a lion or some sort of wild beast and served as intermissions. After the gladiator fights went down in popularity as a result of the Catholic church's opposition, the amphitheater fell into a cultural slump. However, during the Visigoth invasion of France and much other of the violent Middle Ages, it was turned into a fortified castle and was under siege a number of times, with thousands of people taking shelter within. Now it serves as the bull-fighting center of France, and lets musicians like Radiohead (June 14,15 2008) play cool concerts within.

Okay, this has been a little long so I'll try to make it a little shorter now. Or I will just make it shorter naturally because I don't really know anything about the Oppidum, except that it is an old Roman settlement set on the hillside of the neighboring town of Nages. You can go there and see many foundations of houses and small walls that are still standing, which is pretty cool. Check out my pictures link for the Oppidum and Les Arènes! I hope you're more enlightened now, and have a good rest of your week!